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Service biography 
Commissioned 4 Bn Royal Scots Fusiliers 1883; 12 Lancers 1885; 11 Bengal Lancers 1887; Hazara Campaign 1891; Isazai 1892; Adjutant, Viceroy's Bodyguard, India 1893; North West Frontier, India and Tirah campaign 1897-1898; South African War 1899-1902; Deputy Assistant Adjutant General, South Africa 1900; Military Secretary to Commander-in-Chief (Gen Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Viscount Kitchener of Khartoum), South Africa 1902; Assistant Military Secretary and interpreter to Commander-in-Chief, India 1902; Assistant Adjutant General, Headquarters India 1904; Military Secretary to Commander-in-Chief (Gen Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Vicount Kitchener of Khartoum), India 1905; Mohmand expedition 1908; Bde Commander, Kohat Bde, North West Frontier, India 1909; Quartermaster General, India 1912; Secretary to Government of India, Army Department and Member of the Governor General's Legislative Council 1912-1914; General Officer Commanding Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, World War I 1914-1918; Commander-in-Chief Mediterranean Expeditionary Force and Commander, Dardanelles Army, Gallipoli 1915-1916; General Officer Commanding Australian Imperial Force 1915-1918; France 1916-1918; Commander, 5 Army, France 1918-1919; General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Northern Army, India 1920-1924; Commander-in-Chief, India 1925-1930; Member of the Executive Council of the Governor Gen and of the Council of State of India 1925 
(King's College London)

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South African Statesman 

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(See Philip Alexius de Laszlo drawing and painting)

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Son of Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson. He served in the Myanmar expedition of 1886–87, in the Sudan campaign (1898), and in the South African War (1899–1902). After the war, he was raised to the peerage in 1919 and commanded the British forces in India from 1920 until his death. Under him high army posts were assigned to Indians for the first time, and the northwest frontier was pacified. 
(Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition)

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Lukin gained wide popularity with his troops, recognising as they did his very real concern for their welfare under difficult circumstances.  He was also perfectly willing to share their front-line dangers, despite having been gassed. 

Promotion arrived in December 1916 in the form of command of the 9th (Scottish) Division, considered one of the best Allied divisions serving in France.  He consequently saw action at both Arras and during the Third Battle of Ypres.  He was however superseded in March 1918. 
(FirstWorldWar.com)

By June 1916 he was in France, with the rank of major-general and in charge of the new 3rd Division which he trained mercilessly. Once again he used raiding techniques frowned on by the British High Command, but they were impressed by his detail and precision in a war that was going very badly. By 1917 he was made corps commander. He trained his troops to a high degree of efficiency and coordinated the use of infantry, air-power, artillery and tanks.  

It was at the Battle of Hamel Hill on 4-July-1918 that his tactics won a well needed victory for the Allies. On 12-Aug-1918, Monash was knighted on the field by King George V. Thereafter the A.I.F. smashed its way through France, used as shock troops in an amazing series of victories against the Germans - at Chignes, Mont St Quentin, Peronne and Hargicourt and breaking the Hindenburg Line.  
(www.worldwar1.com) 
 

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In June of 1916 Horne was given charge of XV Corps in January 1916. It played a prominent (and initially highly successful) role in the Battle of the Somme in July 1916, where his innovative approach to the 'creeping barrage' won him many plaudits (although XV Corps also played a role in the disastrous attempt on High Wood). 

Horne demonstrated an ongoing enthusiasm for the development of technical and tactical improvements within artillery.  Knighted in 1916 his next appointment brought him an army level command - First Army in September 1916 - which he retained until the armistice.  Horne was the sole artillery officer of the war to be given command of a British field army. 
(www.firstworldwar.com) 
 

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Served under Sir John French during the Bore War. By the close of 1915 it was clear that French (his superior) was ill-suited to the nature of the campaign, and Haig was appointed the new Commander in Chief of the BEF on 10 December 1915. 

Much of the nature of the fighting taking place in the First World War was alien to Haig, a cavalry man through and through.  He did not rate very highly the war's new weaponry.  "The machine gun is a much over rated weapon," he said in 1915; he made similar remarks over the use of the tank. 

The Somme offensive with which Haig's name is most often associated (along with Third Ypres, also known as Passchendaele), began on 1 July 1916.  Haig was pressured to bring forward the original attack date from August so as to relieve the heavy casualties experienced by the French at Verdun, which the Germans had been bombarding since early in the year. 

It was thought that by committing significant British forces on the Somme, the Germans would necessarily divert troops from Verdun, thereby taking the sting out of the offensive. 

1917 saw the campaign at Third Ypres from July to November - Passchendaele - which ultimately ground down German resistance, although at heavy cost in British manpower. 

In 1918 Haig oversaw the successful British advances on the Western Front which led to victory for the Allies in November. 
(FirstWorldWar.com)

After the war, Haig was reponsible for uniting ex-servicemen in the Royal British Legion.

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French was temperamentally unsuited to command of the BEF, becoming so depressed at the prospects of success following the Mons campaign that his chief concern came to be the safe welfare of his troops, to the cost of his French allies.  It required an emergency visit from Kitchener, the Secretary of War, in September 1914 to stiffen French's resolve. 

Once the war of manoeuvre ended French's mood switched to one of over-optimism, until by Autumn 1915 he was once again reluctant to co-operate with the French and had to be urged into action. 

In the campaigning which followed, his incapability again became evident, coupled with poor judgement, which compelled his replacement in December 1915 by his then deputy, Douglas Haig. 

Relieved of his command French served as Commander of the British Home Forces from 1915-18  
(www.firstworldwar.com)   

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January, 1916, Cavan was placed at the head of XIV Corps, a command he held until March 1918, during which time he established a deserved reputation as perhaps the best corps commander on the Western Front. 

It was with XIV Corps that Cavan was despatched to the Italian Front in the wake of the Caporetto fiasco in November 1917.  The following March Cavan was formally appointed Commander-in-Chief of British forces on the Italian Front. 

It was in this capacity that Cavan led the Italian Tenth Army which struck a decisive bow at the Battle of Vittorio Veneto, the action which sounded the final death blow of the Austro-Hungarian army towards the close of the war. 
(www.firstworldwar.com) 
 

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